Allernaze (triamcinolone acetonide) Nasal Spray
Aminosyn 3.5% in 5% (amino acid) Dextrose Injection
Aminosyn II 4.25% in 25% (amino acid) Dextrose Injection
Aminosyn II 5% in 25% (amino acid) Dextrose Injection
Aminosyn Electrolytes (a crystalline amino acid solution with electrolytes)
Aminosyn HBC 7% Sulfite Free (amino acid) Injection
Cesamet (nabilone) Capsules
Epiduo (adapalene and benzoyl peroxide) Gel
Glynase Prestab (micronized glyburide) Tablets
Latisse (bimatoprost) Ophthalmic Solution .03%
Liposyn III 30 (intravenous fat emulsion)
Nexterone (aminodarone HCl) Injection
Pegintron and Rebetol (ribavirin) Capsules
Sucraid (sacrosidase) Oral Solution
Theophylline in Dextrose Viaflex (theophylline anhydrous) Injection
Theophylline in 5% Dextrose Injection Flexible Plastic Container
Uloric (febuxostat)
Zolpimist (zolpidem tartrate) Oral Spray
VIAGRA®, an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5).
Sildenafil citrate is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H- pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula:
VIAGRA (sildenafil citrate) structural formula illustration
Sildenafil citrate is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7.
FOSAMAX* (alendronate sodium) is a bisphosphonate that acts as a specific inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate that bind to the hydroxyapatite found in bone.
Alendronate sodium is chemically described as (4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene) bisphosphonic acid monosodium salt trihydrate.
The empirical formula of alendronate sodium is C4H12NNaO7P2•3H2O and its formula weight is 325.12. The structural formula is:
FOSAMAX (ALENDRONATE SODIUM) Structural Formula Illustration
Alendronate sodium is a white, crystalline, nonhygroscopic powder. It is soluble in water, very slightly soluble in alcohol, and practically insoluble in chloroform.
DURAGESIC® (fentanyl transdermal system) is a transdermal system providing continuous systemic delivery of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic, for 72 hours. The chemical name is N-Phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl) propanamide. The structural formula is:
DURAGESIC® (fentanyl transdermal system) structural formula illustration
The molecular weight of fentanyl base is 336.5, and the empirical formula is C22H28N2O. The n-octanol:water partition coefficient is 860:1. The pKa is 8.4.
SYNTHROID® (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) contain synthetic crystalline L-3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine sodium salt [levothyroxine (T4) sodium]. Synthetic T4 is identical to that produced in the human thyroid gland. Levothyroxine (T4) sodium has an empirical formula of C15H10I4N NaO4 • H2O, molecular weight of 798.86 g/mol (anhydrous), and structural formula as shown:
SYNTHROID® (levothyroxine sodium) Structural Formula Illustration
Inactive Ingredients: acacia, confectioner's sugar (contains corn starch), lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone, and talc. The following are the color additives by tablet strength:
Effexor XR is an extended -release capsule for oral administration that contains venlafaxine hydrochloride, a structurally novel antidepressant. It is designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino) -1-(4-methoxy phenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride or (±)-1-[α- [(dimethylamino) methyl]-p- methoxy benzyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride and has the empirical formula of C17H27NO2 HCl.
Its molecular weight is 313.87. The structural formula is shown below.
Effexor (venlafaxine hydrochloride) Structural formula illustration
Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 572 mg/mL in water (adjusted to ionic strength of 0.2 M with sodium chloride). It s octanol: water (0.2 M sodium chloride) partition coefficient is 0.43.
Effexor XR is an extended -release capsule for oral administration that contains venlafaxine hydrochloride, a structurally novel antidepressant. It is designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino) -1-(4-methoxy phenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride or (±)-1-[α- [(dimethylamino) methyl]-p- methoxy benzyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride and has the empirical formula of C17H27NO2 HCl.
Its molecular weight is 313.87. The structural formula is shown below.
Effexor (venlafaxine hydrochloride) Structural formula illustration
Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 572 mg/mL in water (adjusted to ionic strength of 0.2 M with sodium chloride). It s octanol: water (0.2 M sodium chloride) partition coefficient is 0.43.
PIRIVA® HandiHaler® (tiotropium bromide inhalation powder) consists of a capsule dosage form containing a dry powder formulation of SPIRIVA intended for oral inhalation only with the HandiHaler inhalation device.
Each light green, hard gelatin capsule contains 18 mcg tiotropium (equivalent to 22.5 mcg tiotropium bromide monohydrate) blended with lactose monohydrate as the carrier.
The dry powder formulation within the capsule is intended for oral inhalation only.
The active component of SPIRIVA is tiotropium. The drug substance, tiotropium bromide monohydrate, is an anticholinergic with specificity for muscarinic receptors. It is chemically described as (1α, 2β, 4β, 5α, 7β-7-[(Hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane bromide monohydrate. It is a synthetic, non-chiral, quaternary ammonium compound. Tiotropium bromide is a white or yellowish white powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in methanol. The structural formula is:
tiotropium bromide (Spiriva, Handihaler) Structural Formula Illustration
Tiotropium bromide (monohydrate) has a molecular mass of 490.4 and a molecular formula of C19H22NO4S2Br·H2O.
CIPRO (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets and CIPRO (ciprofloxacin*) Oral Suspension are synthetic broad spectrum antimicrobial agents for oral administration. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, USP, a fluoroquinolone, is the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 385.8. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3•HCl•H2O and its chemical structure is as follows:
CIPRO (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) structural formula illustration 1
Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance and its chemical structure is as follows:
CIPRO (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) structural formula illustration 2
CIPRO film-coated tablets are available in 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg (ciprofloxacin equivalent) strengths. Ciprofloxacin tablets are white to slightly yellowish. The inactive ingredients are cornstarch, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene glycol.
The active ingredient in PROTONIX® (pantoprazole sodium) Delayed-Release Tablets and PROTONIX® (pantoprazole sodium) For Delayed-Release Oral Suspension is a substituted benzimidazole, sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl] sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole sesquihydrate, a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion. Its empirical formula is C16H14F2N3NaO4S x 1.5 H2O, with a molecular weight of 432.4. The structural formula is:
PROTONIX® (pantoprazole sodium) Structural Formula Illustration
Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate is a white to off-white crystalline powder and is racemic. Pantoprazole has weakly basic and acidic properties. Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate is freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, and practically insoluble in n-hexane.
The stability of the compound in aqueous solution is pH-dependent. The rate of degradation increases with decreasing pH. At ambient temperature, the degradation half-life is approximately 2.8 hours at pH 5.0 and approximately 220 hours at pH 7.8.
For oral administration, reglan® tablets (metoclopramide tablets, USP) 10 mg are white, scored, capsule-shaped tablets engraved REGLAN on one side and SP 10 on the opposite side.
Each tablet contains:
Metoclopramide base .................................................................................. 10 mg
(as the monohydrochloride monohydrate)
Inactive Ingredients
Magnesium Stearate, Mannitol, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid.
reglan® tablets (metoclopramide tablets, USP) 5 mg are green, elliptical-shaped tablets engraved REGLAN 5 on one side and SP on the opposite side.
Each tablet contains:
Metoclopramide base .................................................................................... 5 mg
(as the monohydrochloride monohydrate)
Inactive Ingredients
Corn starch, D&C Yellow 10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue 1 Aluminum Lake, Lactose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Stearic Acid.
Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a white crystalline, odorless substance, freely soluble in water. Chemically, it is 4-amino-5chloro-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy benzamide monohydrochloride monohydrate. Its molecular formula is C14H22CIN3O2•HCl•H2O. Its molecular weight is 354.3.
Reglan (Metoclopramide hydrochloride) structural formula illustration
Penicillin V potassium is the potassium salt of penicillin V. This chemically improved form combines acid stability with immediate solubility and rapid absorption. It is designated 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3 -dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-, monopotassium salt, [2S-(2a,5a,6b)]-. The empirical formula is C16H17KN2O5S, and the molecular weight is 388.48.
Each tablet contains penicillin V potassium equivalent to 250 mg (400,000 units) or 500 mg (800,000 units) penicillin V. The tablets also contain lactose, magnesium stearate, povidone, starch, stearic acid, and other inactive ingredients.
After being mixed as directed, each 5 ml of the oral solution will contain penicillin V potassium equivalent to 250 mg (400,000 units) penicillin V. The suspension also contains citric acid, F D & C Red No. 40, flavors, saccharin, sodium citrate, and sucrose.
The potassium content of the tablets and oral solution is listed below (TABLE 1).
Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium is an oral antibacterial combination consisting of the semisynthetic antibiotic amoxicillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate potassium (the potassium salt of clavulanic acid). Amoxicillin is an analog of ampicillin, derived from the basic penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The amoxicillin molecular formula is C16H19N3O5S•3H2O, and the molecular weight is 419.46. Chemically, amoxicillin is (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R) (-)-2-Amino-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2carboxylic acid trihydrate and may be represented structurally as:
Amoxicillin Structural Formula Illustration
Clavulanic acid is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a β-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of β-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is particularly active against the clinically important plasmid-mediated β-lactamases frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. The clavulanate potassium molecular formula is C8H8KNO5, and the molecular weight is 237.25. Chemically, clavulanate potassium is potassium (Z) (2R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane-2-carboxylate, and may be represented structurally as:
Chemically, morphine sulfate is 7,8-didehydro-4,5α-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6α-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt) pentahydrate and has the following structural formula:
MS CONTIN (morphine sulfate controlled-release) structural formula illustration
MS CONTIN® (morphine sulfate controlled-release) Tablets are opiate analgesics supplied in 15, 30, 60, 100 and 200 mg tablet strengths. The tablet strengths describe the amount of morphine per tablet as the pentahydrated sulfate salt (morphine sulfate, USP). MS CONTIN® Controlled-release Tablets 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg contain the following inactive ingredients: cetostearyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, talc and titanium dioxide.
The active ingredient in ACIPHEX® Delayed-Release Tablets is rabeprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole that inhibits gastric acid secretion. Rabeprazole sodium is known chemically as 2-[[[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]-methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole sodium salt. It has an empirical formula of C18H20N3NaO3S and a molecular weight of 381.43. Rabeprazole sodium is a white to slightly yellowish-white solid. It is very soluble in water and methanol, freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate and insoluble in ether and n-hexane. The stability of rabeprazole sodium is a function of pH; it is rapidly degraded in acid media, and is more stable under alkaline conditions. The structural formula is:
FIGURE 1
ACIPHEX® (rabeprazole sodium) Structural Formula Illustration
ACIPHEX® is available for oral administration as delayed-release, enteric-coated tablets containing 20 mg of rabeprazole sodium.
Inactive ingredients of the 20 mg tablet are carnauba wax, crospovidone, diacetylated monoglycerides, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose phthalate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, and titanium dioxide. Iron oxide yellow is the coloring agent for the tablet coating. Iron oxide red is the ink pigment.
ACCUPRIL® (quinapril hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride salt of quinapril, the ethyl ester of a non-sulfhydryl, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, quinaprilat. Quinapril hydrochloride is chemically described as [3S-[2[R*(R*)], 3R*]]-2-[2-[[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxylic acid, monohydrochloride. Its empirical formula is C25H30N2O5 •HCl and its structural formula is:
Accupril (Quinapril Hydrochloride) Structural Formula Illustration
Quinapril hydrochloride is a white to off-white amorphous powder that is freely soluble in aqueous solvents.
ACCUPRIL tablets contain 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg of quinapril for oral administration. Each tablet also contains candelilla wax, crospovidone, gelatin, lactose, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, synthetic red iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
